GEC WRITHLON

GEC WRITHLON IS THE OFFICIAL BLOG OF GEETA ENGINEERING COLLEGE. BY THIS BLOG, WE ARE PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE LATEST TECH RELATED NEWS, MODERN ENGINEERING INVENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC GADGETS, AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

GEC WRITHLON IS THE OFFICIAL BLOG OF GEETA ENGINEERING COLLEGE. BY THIS BLOG, WE ARE PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE LATEST TECH RELATED NEWS, MODERN ENGINEERING INVENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC GADGETS, AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES.

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Showing posts with label MECHANICAL. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MECHANICAL. Show all posts

Sunday, 5 April 2020

Sunday, April 05, 2020

CLASSIFICATION AND ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS

CLASSIFICATION AND ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS
Classification of Robots:
The following is the classification of robots according to the Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA):

Class 1: Manual handling device: A device with multiple degrees of freedom, actuate by the operator.
Class 2: Fixed Sequence Robot: A device that performs the next steps of a task according to a predetermined, immutable method, it is difficult to modify.
Class 3: Variable Sequence Robot: Same as in Class 2, but easy to modify.
Class 4: Playback Robot: The human operator performs the task manually by running the robot, which then records the moves for playback; The robot repeats the same movements as recorded.
 Class 5: Numerical Control Robot: The operator supplies the robot with a vibration program without manually teaching the work.
Class 6: Intelligent Robot: Robot to understand its environment and ability to successfully complete a task despite changes in the environment.
The Robotics Institute of America (RIA) only considers class 3-6 as Robots. The Association Francaise de Robotic (AFR) has the following classification:
Type A: Maintaining equipment with manual control for telerobotics.
Type B: Automatic handling equipment with predetermined wheels.
Type C: Programmable, servo-controlled robots with continuous or point-to-point Channels.
Type D: Same as C but with the ability to retrieve information from its environment.

Advantages of Robots:

·      Robotics and automation are, in many cases, increase productivity, security, products, quality and sustainability of products.
·      Robots can operate in hazardous environments such as radiation, darkness, heat and cold marine support, space and so on without the need for life support, comfort or concern for security.
·      Robots do not need an environment like lighting, air conditioning, ventilation and noise protection.
·      Robots work constantly without fatigue or fatigue or boredom. They don't get it there is no madness, no hangovers and no medical insurance or leave.
·      Robots have repeatable accuracy at all times, unless something happens unless they are worn.
·      Robots are far more accurate than humans. Some of the simplest linear accuracy one thousandth of an inch. The new layer-handling robots have micro-inch precision.
·      Robots and their tools and sensors have capabilities beyond humans
·      Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks at once. Only humans can process it an active stimulus.
·      Workers robots replace human labour, causing economic hardship and worker dissatisfaction and resentment, and the need to regain a replacement workforce.

Disadvantages of Robots:
Robots are not capable of responding to emergencies unless the situation is  included in the response system. They need security measures to do so operators and other machines working with them should not be injured. These include
·      Inappropriate or incorrect responses.
·      Lack of decision-making power.
·      Loss of energy.
·      Damage to the robot and other equipment.
·      Injuries to humans.
Robots, although superior in some senses, have limited capabilities:
·      Knowledge, creativity, decision making and awareness.
·      Degrees of freedom and ability.
·      Sensors and vision systems.
·      Real-time response.
Robots are expensive because of:
·      Initial cost of equipment and installation.
·      Peripherals required.
·      Training is required.
·      Programming required.

Author:

Mr. Vikas Nandal

(Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department)

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Location: India Naultha, Haryana 132145, India

Wednesday, 1 April 2020

Wednesday, April 01, 2020

Robotics


Robotics, in various forms, have been in the minds of humans since we were able to build Things.

You can see machines made by artisans trying to mimic human movements and behavior. Examples include the statues of Venice's San Marcos Clock Tower Hit the clock by the hour and the figures tell a story of the fifteenth century astronomical clock toward the Old Town Hall Tower in Prague. Sophisticated machines with repetitive movements from toys, simple types are other examples. In Hollywood, movies also portray robots and humanoids superior to humans. 
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Humanoids are in principle robots and are designed and operated by the same basic concepts. The elements used in robots and robotics are actuators, sensors, vision systems and so on. Robot Rovers are no different usually has low degrees of freedom and usually moves in flight. Exoskeleton and Humanoid robots, walking machines and robots that mimic animals and insects may have several degrees of freedom (DOF) and special capabilities. However, the same The principles we learn about manipulators also apply to robot rovers, whether kinematics differential motions, dynamics or control.
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Robots are very powerful elements in today's industry. They are capable of demonstrating many different tasks and activities are accurate and do not require general security and comfort elements needed by humans. However, this requires a lot of effort and many resources for the robot to function properly. Most companies made robots in the mid-1980s with only a few exceptions, there are only companies that make real industrial robots remained in the market (Adept, Staubli, Fanuc, Cuca, Epson, Motoman, Denso, Specialized robotic companies such as Fuji, and IS robotics, as well as Mako Surgical Corporation). Early entrepreneur predictions about the number of robots in the industry has never materialized because high expectations cannot be met current robots, as a result, have many thousands of robots in the industry working tirelessly and satisfactorily for the intended jobs, the robots are not overwhelmed in place of workers. They are used wherever they are useful. Like humans, robots can do Some things, but not others. They are designed correctly for the Intended  purposes, they are very useful and to be used. The subject of robotics has many different areas. Robots are never alone useful. These can be used in conjunction with other devices, peripherals and other manufacturers Machines. They are usually integrated into one system, which is designed as a whole do a thing or do an operation.
What is a robot?
If you combine a traditional robot manipulator with a crane, say, utility or you will notice that the towing vehicle is similar to the robot manipulator crane. Both have several links that are regularly attached to each other with joints, where each joint is moved by some kind of actuator. In both systems, the "hand" of the manipulator can be moved into space and placed in the desired workspace of the system. Each it can carry a certain load and is controlled by a central controller. However, one is called a robot and one is called a manipulator (or, in this case, a Crane). Similarly, material handling manipulators that move heavy objects in manufacturing plants look like robots, but they are not robots. The fundamental difference between both, the crane and the manipulator are controlled by a man and controls the actuators, while the robot manipulator is controlled by a running computer program. This difference between the two determines whether or not a device is simple manipulator or robot.
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Generally, robots are designed and controlled Through a computer or similar device. The movements of the robot are controlled by a Computer supervised controller, which runs some kind of program. Therefore, if the program is changed, the robot's actions change accordingly. The idea is to have a device that can do many different things.  Therefore, the robot is designed much can be done based on the running program (s) by changing Program. This cannot be done without a simple manipulator (or crane) operator running all the time. 
Different countries have different standards for what is considered a robot. In the American standards require that the device, which is considered a robot, be easily reproduced. Therefore, manual handling equipment (devices with multiple degrees of freedom and Equipment operated by the operator) or fixed-range robots (devices controlled by hard stops) It is difficult to change the control actuator movements in a fixed sequence) are not considered robots.

AUTHOR:

VIKAS NANDAL


(Assistant Professor Mechanical Department Geeta Engineering College Panipat)

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Location: India Naultha, Haryana 132145, India

Saturday, 28 March 2020

Saturday, March 28, 2020

Indian Automotive Industry: A Review & Its Classification

History of Automobiles:
Numerous innovation in the fields of engineering comprising engines, fuels, tires safety, societal infrastructure, manufacturing standards and sales & marketing etc impacted the growth of the automobile industry. 

Some researchers quote the first vehicles as “sail mounted carriages” derived by something else than animals or humans in the seventeen century. On the flip side, other believed initiation of automobile industry since the innovation of engine. The year 1876 witnessed a breakthrough technology “Four stroke internal combustion gasoline-fueled engine” innovated in Europe and America while invention in the areas of steering wheel, floor mounted accelerator and rubber tire in 19 century triggered the automotive industry because of ease of use. The man behind introduction of assembly line was Henry Ford which caused mass production to achieve economies in vehicle production. At the time of World War II, automobile manufacturers and weapons by pausing production of passenger vehicles. In post-World War II particularly during 1950s and 1960s, a wide variety of technological inventions like fiber glass bodies, good quality fuel with better compression ratio attract customer due to more comfortable vehicle and better look. 


Automobile industry is one of the largest production/assembly activity across the globe. The automotive demand has shown wide variation from very high demand to slow down in India and world as well. In the last three decades, numerous international automotive manufacturer moved in the country for manufacturing and sales of their vehicles in local market and as well as export to international customers. To deal with the global competition, the big name of the industries established their assembly plant in various parts of India which played a vital role in country economy and created new jobs in the bulk. Our economy is very much reliant upon the performance, sustainability and profitability of this important sector.  The current turnover of the automotive industry is around USD 26.2 billon. This huge global competitiveness is exerting immense pressure on the industries manufacturing management especially on Supply Chain Management to deal with cost stress although it is presumed globalization cause cost effectiveness, however there are lot many challenges such as logistic cost. 

INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 
It was about 1897, first car ran in India while until 1930s, only few cars were directly imported. Indian automobile industry started raising since 1940s and Mahindra & Mahindra company was started by two brothers to trade under license from Willys. In a short time, the company established its branch to manufacture of light commercial vehicles (LCVs) and agricultural vehicles (tractors). However, Cars were carrying the tag of luxury till Japanese car manufacturers entered in the Indian market with the establishment of Maruti Udyog in the 1980s a joint ventures for manufacturing motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles, followed by numerous automobile manufacturers where Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra and Hindustan Motors are few, to mention. Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures (SIAM) estimates that annual vehicle sales will be nearly 9 million by 2020 and India may witness the highest car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the roads. 

Indian Automobile Industry Classification 
Indian automotive industry is producing a wide variety of vehicles e.g. Two and Three wheelers, passenger vehicles, light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, agricultural vehicles (tractors and combines), construction machineries/vehicles and ancillary (component segment for all these categories). According to Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures (SIAM) and Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA), a modified classification of Indian automotive industry has been proposed in following.
Classification of Indian Automotive Industry


AUTHOR:

AMIT GUPTA


Dean (Research) & Professor, MED, Geeta Engineering College


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Thursday, 26 March 2020

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Concept of Learning


Learning is a procedure that-produces changes in the conduct (behaviour) of the person. These conduct changes happen because of encounters (practice).
These changes can take any direction. These conduct changes are generally perpetual. This means that these changes are not completely permanent or are they altogether temporary or permanent. These conduct changes are called learning. An individual learns and establishes harmonious alteration with the earth. This is the genuine significance of learning. 

As a rule, realizing something new is called learning. A baby is completely powerless at the hour of birth. He relies upon his folks for the satisfaction of his needs. As he grows up, his tangible forces start to create. He encounters numerous issues in his push to acclimate to the earth. He responds to these issues in various manners. In the process he picks up understanding. These encounters produce changes in his conduct. These progressions are generally perpetual. These conduct changes are called learning. 
For example a child sees the light of a lamp for the first time. Out of curiosity he catches at the flame. He feels a burning sensation. As a result he withdraws his hand from the flame and does not repeat the act in future. It is a natural reaction to become curious on seeing the flame and catching at it. On the basis of this natural reaction the child gains experience that catching at a flame causes burn. The next time when he sees the light of the lamp, he does not react the way he did the first time. This behavioral change has occurred as a result of experiences. The child has learnt that catching at the flame causes burn therefore; learning means change in the behavior through experience.


Changes in the conduct of an individual lake place because of experiences. Experience here methods an occasion or movement that has influenced one here and there. It additionally implies the things that have transpired over some stretch of time that impacts the way one thinks and carries on. For instance social changes might be brought about by old sickness, yet this isn't called learning. Just the conduct changes that come about because of experience or practice are called learning. 
The conduct changes that come about because of learning are moderately bearing; this implies that the progressions are not totally lasting. Nor they are transitory or passing. These progressions are found in the conduct for a moderately significant stretch. 
These progressions are not as perpetual as won't clear a path for more changes; new changes in conduct can be concentrated by differentiating the conduct of the accomplished individual with that of the unpracticed individual. These behavioral changes may happen in any course meaning their impact might be certain or negative, Learning adds to one's proficiency. 


Given Beneath are some meaning of discovering that makes its significance and idea clear: 
According to A.T. Gates – 1946 – “Learning is the modification of behaviour through experience and training.”
Views of H.W. Bernard- 1952 – “Learning is the modification of behaviour through activity and experience which improves modes of adjustment.”
Views of kingsley, H.l. and Garry R- 1957- “Learning is a process by which behaviour is originated or changed through practice.”
Views of Pressy , Sidney, l- 1959- “ learning represents experiences that lead to a change or adjustment in performance and to the acquisitions of new ways of behaviour.”

AUTHOR:


AMIT SHARMA



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Saturday, 21 March 2020

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Man and Machine


Man and  Machine
Introduction
In our daily life, we use various kinds of machine. We have a variety of machines for different
Applications. Important sectors where machines are used are given as below:


Sr. No
Sectors
Brief Description
1
Machine Tools
Constitutes machines related to metal cutting and forming
2
Power & Electrical equipment
Constitutes machines related to power generation, transmission and distribution
3
Process Plant Machinery
Constitutes machines such as pressure vessels, evaporators, stirrers, heat exchangers etc. are used in energy, metallurgy, oil and gas, industry etc.
4
Textile Machinery
Constitutes machines used  in various steps of textile fabrication such as spinning weaving, processing, testing etc.
5
Plastic, Paper & Rubber Machinery
Constitutes machinery used in various fabrication steps of paper, plastic and rubber manufacturing
6
Light Engineering Goods
Constitutes machines related to roller bearing, process control, instruments, castings, steel forgings, and pipes etc used in oil & gas, power, automotive etc. industries
7
Earthmoving, Construction and Mining Equipment
Constitutes machines such as graders, dozers, excavators etc for mining and mixers, tippers, road millers etc. For constructions.
8
Material Handling and Lifting Equipment
Constitutes primarily of forklifts and cranes.
9
Agricultural Machinery
Constitutes machines used in various steps of agriculture such as land development, sowing weeding, harvesting etc.

Machines are the creation of humans, and they were created to make their work easier. Humans depend more and more on machines for their day-to-day things. Machines have created a revolution, and no human can think of a life without machines.
A machine is only a device consisting of different parts, and is used for performing different functions. They do not have life, as they are mechanical. On the other hand, humans are made of flesh and blood; life is just not mechanical for humans.
Comparison between Human and Machine (Similarity & difference between MAN and MACHINE)
S.No
Characterstics
Man
Machine
1
Feelings and Emotions
Human  can express these emotions; happiness and sorrow are part of one’s life
Have no feelings and emotion
2
Capability
Have the capability to understand situations, and behave accordingly
Do not have this capability
3
Intelligence
Perform activities as per their own intelligence
Have an artificial intelligence
4
Consciousness
Humans behave as per their consciousness
Perform as they are taught.
5
Sophisticated
Perform orginal
Cannot perform anything original. Machines do not have original thoughts
6
Energy
Man biochemically through food
( Machine )Robot through an electrical power source like a battery, solar power, an electrical wall outlet, or chemical reaction.)
7
Sensors
Man has senses of touch, hearing, taste, sight and smell
(Machine) Robots can sense pressure (touch), acoustic levels and patterns (hearing), chemical composition analysis (taste), electro-optical detection and pattern recognition (sight) and gas chromography (smell).

Man and Robots must both learn in order to be productive. Man is taught either by others or by self trial and error. Robots are taught by their initial programming or through artificial intelligence algorithms that pick up on repeated patterns and preferred responses. 
Man differs from Robots in that he tires after long labor, that he has the effects of emotion and moods, and that his productivity is not predictable and relatively slow. He eventually dies. Robots can work non-stop with predictable productivity and are not bored by grossly repetitive tasking. With proper maintenance, Robots could potentially work for a thousand years. 

While Robots may be created that look like anything from a spider to something which looks remarkably like a Man, Man only has one basic bipedal design. 

Man is self-aware and is spontaneously creative. He has the ability to believe in higher beings and esoteric concepts. He is truly creative and can feel love, anger, despair and ecstasy. Robots at this point in time are not self aware, feel no emotions, and cannot create except through random action. 

Man is multi functional. He can reproduce, learn, adapt, create, destroy, love, laugh, paint a masterpiece, make multiple different judgments based upon exactly the same set of facts, sing, dance, invent, work on a space station, an oil rig, play a violin, perform slight of hand magic tricks and calculate a businesses cash flow... all using the same biological design. This degree of functionality in a robot is not even on the horizon for robotics. There is not a single Robot or machine in the world capable of this degree of diversity.

AUTHOR:


AMIT KAUSHIK


(Geeta Engineering College Panipat)

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