MODERN OPTICAL FIBER

INTRODUCTION: 

Fiber-Optic Communication is that the latest and advanced mode of knowledge communication which has very recent roots dating back to less than 40 years ago, this was the main breakthrough in the field of communication. 

Right from this time, there has been a continuously increasing need for bandwidth for communication due to continuously increasing the number of users. More people wanted to speak , and thus large bandwidths were required thereby forcing communication scientists to seem for brand spanking new possibilities. Communication Scientists everywhere the planet were in an incessant look for a wideband and low-loss medium of knowledge communication which might be used at high data rates with the least amount of lost possibly. This constant search, for such a medium, led to the event of glass fiber communication. 

MOTIVATION - OPTICAL COMFINDMENT

We already have a lot of sources of light in our day to day life, for e.g. incandescent bulbs, gas bulbs, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, etc. Then why worry about sources? 

Similarly, the second question also features a very obvious answer. Fibers also are used for illumination and are wrapped in bundles in order that they'll choose a spread of other applications,including sensors and fiber lasers. They are used as light guides in medical and other applications where bright light must be shone on a target without a transparent line-of-sight path. Many microscopes use fiber-optic light sources to provide intensely.

WHY OPTICAL FIBRE :

Fibers having attenuations greater than 1 dB/km are rarely .it used in communication networks. The attenuation of wrongly matched fibers can exceed 1 dB/km per connector or splice if they're mis handled during installation stages. Precise positioning of the fibers to center the cores requires good coupling efficiency. Connector loss can be avoided by splicing the 2 ends of the fibers permanently, either by gluing of by fusing at high temperatures. Losses in gaps are often viewed as a kind of Fresnel loss because existing air space introduces two media interfaces and their associated Fresnel reflection losses. In this case, there are two major losses to be considered. The first loss takes place on the inner surface of the transmitting fiber, and therefore the second loss occurs thanks to reflections from the surface of the second fiber. One way of eliminating these losses is by introducing a coupler that matches the optical impedances of the 2 materials.

a. Mie Scattering 

b. Rayleigh Scattering

a) Mie Scattering 

Non-perfect cylindrical structure of the fiber and 

imperfections like irregularities in the core-cladding 

interface, diameter fluctuations, strains, and bubbles may 

make linear scattering known as Mie scattering. 

 b) Rayleigh Scattering 

The main reason behind Rayleigh scattering is refractive index fluctuations due to density and compositional variation in the core. It is the main intrinsic loss mechanism within the low impedance window. By using longest possible wavelength Rayleigh scattering can be reduced to a large extent.

CONCLUSION :

The decision of a suitable crisis rebuilding technique for a harmed glass fiber link, likewise as its perpetual fix, relies upon the degree of the harm and especially on the conveyance of fiber breaks. The reclamation methodology introduced beneath are upheld the reason that glass fiber link frameworks convey enormous traffic cross areas and warrant an impressive . Therefore, a fundamental comprehension of the mechanics of link conduct, concerning the mechanical pressure applied to the link, in harm circumstances is significant in creating and applying these techniques. Particularly at high optical force level scattering causes lopsided weakening, due to non-straight conduct. On account of this nonlinear dissipating, the optical force from one mode is moved in either the forward or reverse way to an equal , or different modes, at various frequencies. 

AUTHOR:

SONIA KATARIA

(Assistant Professor Applied Science Department Geeta Engineering College Panipat)