GEC WRITHLON

Tuesday, 7 April 2020

CIVIL Tuesday, April 07, 2020

HIGGS BOSON

HIGGS BOSON

INTRODUCTION

Matters at subatomic level consists of small particles with vast empty spaces in between. These small particles are electrons, protons, neutrons, pi-mesons, neutrino and so on.

Subatomic particles are those particles which are much smaller than atoms. There are two kinds of Subatomic particles first is Elementary particles, which according to present theories are not made of other particles and Composite particles. Nuclear and Particle physics comprises these particles and do study how they interact. Higgs boson is an elementary particle of the standard model. The term boson was given by Paul Dirac in honour of Satyendra Nath Bose (an Indian physicist who provided the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate and laid the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics). Bosons are energy particles; they are responsible for interatomic forces. Higgs particle is named after the theorist Peter Higgs who along with several other scientists proposed its existence in 1964.

THE STANDARD MODEL

Matter and energy can be best understood in terms of kinematics and interaction of elementary particles. The standard model consists of several classes of elementary particles (fermions, gauge bosons and the higgs boson). All particles can be sum up as follows:

⮚ The Standard Model includes twelve elementary particles of spin ¹⁄₂known as fermions. Fermions are matter particles. Each fermion has its corresponding antiparticle. There are six quarks (up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom) and six leptons (electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino).

⮚ In standard model, Gauge bosons are defined as force carriers that mediate the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental interactions. The value of the spin is 1, making them bosons.

⮚ The Higgs boson was the last particle of the standard model to be experimentally confirmed. The standard model doesn’t predict its mass directly. On 4^thJuly2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiment at CERN announced the discovery of a boson at a mass approximately 125 GeV which is Higgs Boson.

WHAT IS HIGGS BOSON?

Peter Higgs predicted in 1964 that due to higgs mechanism things in the universe – stars, planets even people have mass. During its discovery in mainstream of media it is often referred to as the ‘GOD PARTICLE’.

Peter Higgs proposed energy field that permeated the entire universe, this energy field is now called higgs field. The presence of the field, can be confirmed by experiments, explains why some fundamental particles have mass. The Higgs field consists of countless Higgs Bosons.

Higgs Mechanism: - Mechanism by which certain particles interact with higgs field and have property of mass.

DISCOVERY OF THE HIGGS BOSONS

The LHC is a discovery machine is currently world’s largest hadron collider, where protons are accelerated in 27km circumference synchrotron and collide at very high energy. The LHC was built by CERN, in tunnel located approx. 100m underground. Collisions are analysed with usage of detectors.

CONCLUSION

Evidence of the higgs bosons, higgs field and its properties has been extremely significant for many reasons. The Higgs boson's importance is largely that it is able to be examined using existing knowledge and experimental technology.

AUTHOR:

Ms. Jyoti Narwal

(Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department)

GEC WRITHLON 0

MANAGEMENT Tuesday, April 07, 2020

LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT

LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT

What’s Leadership?? It is the power of a private or a gaggle of people to influence and guide followers or other members of a corporation. While creating and articulating a clear vision or providing followers with the knowledge and establishing achievable goals, Leadership involves making sound -- and sometimes difficult – decisions.

As said by Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to influence others to seek defined objectives passionately. Human factor can only bind a group together and motivates it towards goals.”

The modern leadership movement is predicated upon the principle that leaders aren’t born, they’re made. The arts of leadership and management, like all cultivated skills, are learned and honed by practice over time regardless of where you reside.

We usually consider the two terms Leadership and management as synonymous. We must understand that leadership is an essential part of effective management. Being the crucial component of management, remarkable leadership behavior stresses upon building an environment during which each and each employee develops and excels.

Leadership is about getting people to grasp and believe the vision you set for the corporate and to figure with you on achieving your goals, while management is more about administering and ensuring the day-to-day activities are happening as they ought to.

A manager must have traits of a innovator, i.e., he must possess leadership qualities. Leaders develop and start strategies that build and sustain competitive advantage.

For an optimal efficiency in any organization Both Leadership and management have to be robust.

MANAGERS vs. LEADERS

We have Managers who Give Directions where as on the other hand Leaders ask questions.

If Managers have subordinates then Leaders have followers.

When Managers use a controlling style, there Leaders has a motivational style.

While Managers tell what to do, Leaders demonstrate what to do.

Managers provides with good ideas which are then implemented by leaders.

Managers respond to change when Leaders generate change

Managers aim to be heroes Leaders formulate heroes of everyone around them

Managers train power over people Leaders build up power with people

“LEADERSHIP IS ABOUT STIMULATING AND MANAGEMENT IS ABOUT SETTING UP”

AUTHOR:

Ms. Isha Kalra

(Assistant Professor, Management Department)

GEC WRITHLON 1

MANAGEMENT Tuesday, April 07, 2020

GLOSSOPHOBIA (FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING)

Are you Glossophobic?

Does communicating with the public at large fill you with nervousness, fear and anxiety?

INTRODUCTION

In today’s competitive era of globalization, digitalization & professionalism an individual is supposed to stay very confident and impactful in public for building interpersonal relations and networks however several of them can’t perform well due to intense fear and anxiety which causes severe nervousness and panic situations for them.

Being a best public speaker can help in advancement of the career, widening up of business and formation of relations worldwide by promoting ideas to society at large. To perform there’s a need of standing in front of an audience and delivering. And mostly the barrier is fear penetrating inside you and the concerned audience.

Meaning

Glossophobia is a term derived from the greek words glosso: tongue and phobos: terror or fear. Therefore it is fear of tongue generally called as social fear, social phobia or fear of public speaking.

Common human related fears

Fear of Public Speaking termed as Glossophobia
Fear of Bugs as Acarophobia
Fear of Heights as Acrophobia
Fear of Flying as Aerophobia
Fear of Entering Open or Crowded Places as Agoraphobia
Fear of Spiders as Arachnophobia
Fear of Thunder and Lightning as Astraphobia
Fear of Small Spaces as Claustrophobia
Fear of Dogs as Cynophobia
Fear of Vomiting as Emetophobia
Fear of Germs as Mysophobia/Germaphobia
Fear of needles as Trypanophobia

Symptoms of Glossophobia

High (BP) Blood Pressure
Trembling & Freezing
High perspiration (sweating)
Mouth Dryness
Tightening of back muscles (Upper Portion)
Panic Movements & Nausea
Severe Anxiousness with the perception of public speaking

Speech related symptoms

Mouth Dryness
Lower tone and pitch of voice
Lack of energy and enthusiasm
Severe tension leading to voice trembling
Murmuring, shaking and voice modulations
Hesitation in words like ‘eh’, ‘ah’, ‘um’, etc.
Stammering
Vocal stops

Causes of Glossophobia

Certain past traumas or terrifying situations

Fear of getting judged, insulted, criticised or rejection because in past an individual may have encountered, and experienced stressful phases. For example ineffective delivery of oral presentation or public speaking and the negative associated experience

People with less education get nervous with taking the stage

Aggregation of genetic characteristics(fearful gene is activated on exposure to public) and other environmental, biological, and psychological related aspects

No chance for advance preparation and automatically it gives rise to fear of public speaking.

Treatment Options

1) An individual is trained with skills to learn, cope and handle the situation which may cause the fear. Such therapy is termed as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

2) Anxiety management and relaxation techniques often help in

reduction of fear building tendencies.

Medications

1) Beta-blockers cures high blood pressure and related heart disorders. They also aid in controlling the physical symptoms of glossophobia, like shaking or trembling

2) Antidepressants treat depression, and also control social anxiety.

3) If anxiety is intense, doctors prescribe benzodiazepines like Ativan or Xanax.

4) Brain chemicals such as Serotonin regulate the mood level of a person. Anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medicines aid in adjustment to the brain chemicals.

Exposure therapy

These therapies are seen as most effective for the public fear and speaking. The therapist teaches various relaxation techniques like muscle relaxation, mind visualization exercises & meditation. An individual gradually develops builds up bearing ability towards fear & anxiousness

Herbal remedies

Conitum napellus or Gelsemium is recommended by homeopaths according to the history, symptoms and individual’s nature and temper. Herbal remedies like Lemon balm, lavender and Passion Flower soothe the nerves and make one person calm

Practical tips for overcoming glossophobia

Identify the presentable material
Practice hard and as often as possible
Record your verbal message or the presentation
Virtual mode usage
Predetermine the list of possible questions from audience viewpoint
Choose a substitute of memorizing speech by understanding topic and rehearsing it well
Analyze audience from every aspect
Gradual speaking
Sip water whenever needed- you can carry water or related resources along at the time of presentation
Don’t describe or feel your nervousness
Get flexible or acquainted with the room/venue
Ensure that enough practice for the presentation or speech is made

DO YOU KNOW?

Most of the eminent personalities from the world have had a fear of public speaking

Renée Zellweger,
Nicole Kidman,
Abraham Lincoln,
Gandhi,
Sigmund Freud
Thomas Jefferson.

Conclusion

40% of the audience have fears of public speaking. Do not panic & apologize for being nervous rather do your best instead and accept the fact that stress is normal and consider it to be on the positive side by being more alert and enthusiastic. To leave a remark on the audience keep Smiling and maintain intense eye contact with the audience. Be sure to gradually inhale and indulge in deep breathing which may calm you down at the time of fear or stressful situation

Therefore there is an urgent need to understand the roots of this fear and strategize and conquer it thereby making ourselves global competent.

YouTube links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn9A_vXGEqI&t=104s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZArc5WTqppc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9KelhLQvrs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCnLQNLxD74

AUTHOR:

KUNICA RAHUL NARANG

(Assistant Professor at Management Department, Geeta EngineeringCollege)

GEC WRITHLON 6

Sunday, 5 April 2020

CIVIL Sunday, April 05, 2020

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Carbon dioxide the prime greenhouse gas which is a major issue in the world. Carbon Sequestration is long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon from atmosphere or source point or anthropogenic (man-made) source such as power plants, refineries, cement processing, natural gas processing plant through biological, chemical and physical processes.

Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) has potential to take a stand for curbing the emission by consuming minimal resources.

The process of Carbon Sequestration involves following steps:

1. CO2 is captured from its source point

2. CO2 is compressed and liquefied

3. It is transported through railways, waterways or pipeline for release in:

a) Area of degraded forest or where deforestation has been done, CO2 is fixed by forest or land plants called as Green Carbon which increases the productivity and the process is called as Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration.

b) If captured CO2 is injecting in ocean in its photic zone and is fixed by aquatic plants or hydrophytes or algae, it is called as Blue Carbon.

c) If captured CO2 is injected in rocks such as sandstone dolomite (Red Fort is made up of sand stone dolomite) or rocks containing fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and this process is called as Geological Carbon Sequestration and this method increases carbon content in them, thereby increases the quality of fossil fuels.

Flowchart of Carbon Sequestration

India has been taking approach towards this technology. Due to low understanding of public and lack of technical parameters for storage, and majorly due to the economic feasibility, the government is taking low interest in demonstration of the technology. On the other hand, because of the people’s reaction for storing CO2 in underground and the findings of geological capacity of India this is very limited. The International Energy Agency predicts that in terms of CO2 emission, India will be among top list of World by the year 2023.

In the year 2007-2008, India has given special attention to capture carbon for research and development by Department of Science and Technology but after 2013 only few researches are still taking on and a point to be noted is that India doesn’t have specific policy for this new technology that’s why India lacks in this to take it further.

Author:

Padma

Student B.Tech CE 4th Year Geeta Engineering College

GEC WRITHLON 0

ELECTRONICS Sunday, April 05, 2020

IoT (Internet of Things): Our Future

Life with IoT:

In just one year alone, we went from having 5 million IoT devices connected to the internet to billions.

The future is happening now, and these devices are getting smarter every day through machine learning and artificial intelligence. IoT devices are becoming a part of the conventional electronics culture and people are adopting smart devices into their homes faster than ever. It is estimated that there will be up to 21 billion connected devices to the internet. IoT devices will be a huge part of how we interact with everyday objects. There is big money in the IoT space currently, and it will only continue to grow as technology improves. The more data that IoT devices collect, the smarter they will become. Cities will transform into Smart Cities through the use of IoT connected devices. Think of Smart Traffic Lights that collect data on traffic, and use that data to synchronized lights to peak traffic times.

Overall, this improves cities overall efficiency and saves the government money since everything can be remotely managed. Smart homes, thermostats, lighting systems and coffee makers will all collect data on your habits and patterns of usage. All this data will be collected to help facilitate Machine Learning.

How do we security to these devices?

With the billions of IoT devices connected to the open internet, how do we ensure these devices are secure?

Encryption Scheme: AES vs. TLS/SSL

Encryption can solve a complicated problem. When people think about encryption, many will turn to TLS/SSL, however, these protocols don’t cut it for encryption and processing. The reason these protocols aren’t optimal is they are point-to-point solutions and not end-to-end solutions. When data has to go through many different points on the chain, we are going to have to account for different security protocols and devices. This requires a security solution like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) since it provides end-to-end security, and encrypts the message all the way through. Only devices with the encryption keys can decrypt the encrypted data as it’s sent and received.

AES also allows you to wrap the message body with AES and leave all the actionable data in TLS. Actionable data, for instance, would be temperature information that you are trying to read. In addition, we need to prevent all inbound ports from being open at all costs since this can leave your IoT devices open to vulnerabilities and DDOS attacks. Devices should only make outbound connections, so that way the door is closed to accessing applications and services behind those open ports. The connection outward can be left open so the device can listen in with a secure tunnel back from the network.

Rather than trying to fit all of the IoT Protocols on top of existing architecture models like OSI Model, we have divided the protocols into the following layers to provide some level of organization:

Infrastructure (ex: 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL)
Identification (ex: EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs)
Comms / Transport (ex: Wifi, Bluetooth, LPWAN)
Discovery (ex: Physical Web, mDNS, DNS-SD)
Data Protocols (ex: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, Websocket, Node)
Device Management (ex: TR-069, OMA-DM)
Semantic (ex: JSON-LD, Web Thing Model)
Multi-layer Frameworks (ex: Alljoyn, IoTivity, Weave, Homekit)

Conclude: Machine learning and IoT together can do a miracle in today's modern technology, if both of them are used with good understanding.

AUTHOR:

Mr. NAVNEET VERMA

(Head of CSE Department Geeta Engineering College, Panipat)

GEC WRITHLON 5

COMPUTER SCIENCE Sunday, April 05, 2020

COVID -19 EFFECTS

The COVID-19 is creating havoc on different countries all over the world. It caused a health crisis as well as shutting down economies because of social distancing.

It also effect earth’s environment as it restricted the movement of human beings.

In few days, we surely witness a big difference in the quality of air. Due to CORONA already air pollution is reducing reason being factories, industries and all forms of transportations is on halt.

According to the reports CHINA and ITALY industrial areas are showing drops in nitrogen dioxide. Reductions on the amount of vehicles on the roads are one of main impacts of work from home and social distancing.

Industrial activities are reduced but not all of them. For example, Power Plants are running to produce Electricity, Water Treatment plants that are needed to treat water.

In Venice, the pandemic is resulted in unusually clear water in Canals. It may be lack of boat traffic. Accordingly, may be this Virus is putting our mother Earth in time out for a while...while she cleans up the mess people made.

In THAILAND and JAPAN, mobs of monkeys and other animals are roaming in streets because of no tourist on the road.

Although all of the above effects are temporary and an economical effect will depend on how countries, respond to the crisis. As all population around the world is taking precaution against COVID-19, I think one of the main thing about it that earth bounces back, It’s kind of different and interesting point about the moment is that everyone is under a lot of stress and in condition of panic and by reconnecting with the natural world it may help them to deal with their current mental condition.

On top of Air and Water, Wildlife may respond to changes too. We have noticed how many birds are chirping outside. A hope is needed when we get back to natural, whatever that may look like, and we can hold the balance between work, family and the whole environment. This is the thing which will give real peace to us.

AUTHOR: