GEC WRITHLON

Saturday 21 March 2020

ELECTRONICS Saturday, March 21, 2020

5G Technology

5G- Technology is launching in 2020 in Tokyo Olympics. Japan has announced to give live broadcasting of Olympics Games using 5G Technology. Hence trials and testing are going on rapid speed. Countries like China, USA, France, and Germany are testing on 5G.

Now the question in our mind is what is 5G Technology, so 5G Technology in our mobile not only interconnect us but also to the smart machines and devices also, It will give the new level of performance and efficiency, gives the high-speed data rate. The expected speed of 5G is up to 20 Gbps.

Huawei has invested lot of money for the research in 5G Technology and has taken the patent for some of its key technology. Experts are hired from all over the word to work on 5G Technology

Before discussing the 5G technology we have to first understand the limitations or deficiency of 4G Technology, than only we will be able to understand the need of 5G Technology and high-speed data.

The deficiency of 4G Technology is low-speed data, the data speed is about 24 Mbps on our mobile phone over the air interface, but the signal strength and data speed reduced inside the building area, so there is highly need to improve the coverage inside the building areas like bathroom, basement etc.

Qualcomm Snapdragon X50 5G Modem is the first 5G modem, developed by Qualcomm Technologies, to get 5Gbps in downlink data rate. 5G gives download speed, increase in bandwidth, high data rate. The spectrum of 5G has been identified around 6 Ghz, 24 GHz, 40 GHz. The development for it is under process to meet all above given.

Researches are going on to find out the detail feature of Internet of Things (IOT). We can see smart offices, smart homes, smart cities functioning near future area. Driver less cars are also on testing.

5G frequency spectrum is basically divided into three parts, millimeter waves, mid band and low band.

Millimeter waves give highest performance for the 5G. Its fastest with speed 1 to 2 Gbps. Frequencies are 24 GHz to 72 GHz which is above extremely high frequency band, But it has a drawback of low coverage area and building penetration is poor.

Mid band spectrum provides low latency rate and faster speed. The carrier wave is using massive MIMO to improve coverage area and penetration to the building to give inner coverage.

Low band spectrum also give good coverage area and also the good penetration

The latency rate (delay between sending and receiving of message) for 5G Technology is very low, In 4G it is 200 milliseconds and for 5G it is below 1 millisecond, It is very fast

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency that develops the technical standard for communication technology or for the telecom company it also sets the rules for the usage of radio spectrum.

With the increase in continued use of these gadgets around us will cause harm too, Due to the emission of radiations. We will tried to use cell phones or these devices as less as possible.

AUTHOR:

VIMAL KUMAR

(Assistant Professor ECE Department Geeta ENgineering College Panipat)

VIVEK KUMAR GUPTA 1

COMPUTER SCIENCE Saturday, March 21, 2020

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud refers to the applications which we use through internet and these are available as infrastructure, software and platform as service and the end user have no need to worry about the maintenance , service provider will manage all these things.

Cloud computing is growing day by day since Amazon has started giving the service to public. Cloud is an on-demand network access to the resources where management of hardware and security of the data is the responsibility of cloud providers. From a “Right scale” survey it has been concluded that 96% of the organizations have been using cloud in different ways. It brings a big advantage to companies but adoption of cloud is not an easy job.

Introduction:

Cloud Computing gives so many advantages to firms but data privacy is the main issue. The various issues are security, availability and integrating with IT and the ability to customize the data. Investigation of the challenges and security issues are vital to a success of cloud computing deployment models such as private cloud, public cloud and hybrid cloud.

During the past few years, the security concern is the main thing that affect the adoption of cloud services. The challenges were no longer are on technical issue but management issues also such as how to control and become an expert in cloud spending. It is very much clear that private, public and hybrid gives us a different level of how to control the hardware/software and achieve flexibility for better management of the services.

Related Work:

There are three different standardized architecture for cloud mentioned above Infrastructure as service(IAAS), platform as service(PAAS) and Software as service(SAAS). SaaS has the minimal control over the IT system than other architectures and remaining two have greater control. It is an on demand and pay to use service like monthly , quarterly or yearly service. Users can gain the authority to access the services whereas service providers have to manage the infrastructure and the platform they are providing to the various organizations to run their non-critical business.

The applications has been created by using some programming languages and have used various tools supported by the cloud provider. The users can implement their own application because the service provider are providing platform as service so that users can run their own software and utilize it to take benefit in business. The speed of internet is the biggest aspect of cloud computing since it is totally dependent on it. Access to cloud service is based on internet only without this it is of no use.

Analysis and Discussion:

Cloud is having various characteristics so that it can allow as to use the remote provisioning of IT resources and they are scalable too. Before the adoption of cloud , Grid Computing similar to

It which offers shared computations and storage of data over a long distance but unable to give software environment.

Amazon is leading cloud provider and followed by Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud.

AUTHOR:

Dr. MAMTA HOODA

(Assistant Professor CSE Department Geeta ENgineering College Panipat)

VIVEK KUMAR GUPTA 2

MECHANICAL Saturday, March 21, 2020

Man and Machine

Man and Machine

Introduction

In our daily life, we use various kinds of machine. We have a variety of machines for different

Applications. Important sectors where machines are used are given as below:

Sr. No	Sectors	Brief Description
1	Machine Tools	Constitutes machines related to metal cutting and forming
2	Power & Electrical equipment	Constitutes machines related to power generation, transmission and distribution
3	Process Plant Machinery	Constitutes machines such as pressure vessels, evaporators, stirrers, heat exchangers etc. are used in energy, metallurgy, oil and gas, industry etc.
4	Textile Machinery	Constitutes machines used in various steps of textile fabrication such as spinning weaving, processing, testing etc.
5	Plastic, Paper & Rubber Machinery	Constitutes machinery used in various fabrication steps of paper, plastic and rubber manufacturing
6	Light Engineering Goods	Constitutes machines related to roller bearing, process control, instruments, castings, steel forgings, and pipes etc used in oil & gas, power, automotive etc. industries
7	Earthmoving, Construction and Mining Equipment	Constitutes machines such as graders, dozers, excavators etc for mining and mixers, tippers, road millers etc. For constructions.
8	Material Handling and Lifting Equipment	Constitutes primarily of forklifts and cranes.
9	Agricultural Machinery	Constitutes machines used in various steps of agriculture such as land development, sowing weeding, harvesting etc.

Machines are the creation of humans, and they were created to make their work easier. Humans depend more and more on machines for their day-to-day things. Machines have created a revolution, and no human can think of a life without machines.

A machine is only a device consisting of different parts, and is used for performing different functions. They do not have life, as they are mechanical. On the other hand, humans are made of flesh and blood; life is just not mechanical for humans.

Comparison between Human and Machine (Similarity & difference between MAN and MACHINE)

S.No	Characterstics	Man	Machine
1	Feelings and Emotions	Human can express these emotions; happiness and sorrow are part of one’s life	Have no feelings and emotion
2	Capability	Have the capability to understand situations, and behave accordingly	Do not have this capability
3	Intelligence	Perform activities as per their own intelligence	Have an artificial intelligence
4	Consciousness	Humans behave as per their consciousness	Perform as they are taught.
5	Sophisticated	Perform orginal	Cannot perform anything original. Machines do not have original thoughts
6	Energy	Man biochemically through food	( Machine )Robot through an electrical power source like a battery, solar power, an electrical wall outlet, or chemical reaction.)
7	Sensors	Man has senses of touch, hearing, taste, sight and smell	(Machine) Robots can sense pressure (touch), acoustic levels and patterns (hearing), chemical composition analysis (taste), electro-optical detection and pattern recognition (sight) and gas chromography (smell).

Man and Robots must both learn in order to be productive. Man is taught either by others or by self trial and error. Robots are taught by their initial programming or through artificial intelligence algorithms that pick up on repeated patterns and preferred responses.

Man differs from Robots in that he tires after long labor, that he has the effects of emotion and moods, and that his productivity is not predictable and relatively slow. He eventually dies. Robots can work non-stop with predictable productivity and are not bored by grossly repetitive tasking. With proper maintenance, Robots could potentially work for a thousand years.

While Robots may be created that look like anything from a spider to something which looks remarkably like a Man, Man only has one basic bipedal design.

Man is self-aware and is spontaneously creative. He has the ability to believe in higher beings and esoteric concepts. He is truly creative and can feel love, anger, despair and ecstasy. Robots at this point in time are not self aware, feel no emotions, and cannot create except through random action.

Man is multi functional. He can reproduce, learn, adapt, create, destroy, love, laugh, paint a masterpiece, make multiple different judgments based upon exactly the same set of facts, sing, dance, invent, work on a space station, an oil rig, play a violin, perform slight of hand magic tricks and calculate a businesses cash flow... all using the same biological design. This degree of functionality in a robot is not even on the horizon for robotics. There is not a single Robot or machine in the world capable of this degree of diversity.

AUTHOR:

AMIT KAUSHIK

(Geeta Engineering College Panipat)

VIVEK KUMAR GUPTA 3

MANAGEMENT Saturday, March 21, 2020

Celebrating Womanhood With her Own Choices

She Dream big and her aspirations about life are limitless. But the question came whether society allow her to follow her dreams. Yes, I had heard the conversation of some girls who discussed about their dreams.

She wants to choose a career of her own choice but was not sure whether her family allows her or not. Whereas, another one said she will go for a career which will make her happy, creative and satisfied. Life is all about choices but we do have to fight for choosing the right choice for our self, if we want to enjoy the womanhood.

Every woman has the right to shape her dreams, analyze her hidden potential and innovate her ideas for better career prospective. Hence, the message is crystal clear that “DO NOT HIDE YOUR INSPIRATION BUT BE BOLD ENOUGH TO CHASE THEM”.

For that, Education plays a very important role in shaping the future of women’s. Education builds the self confidence with sense of pride and dignity. But again the question arises why women should not choose to empower herself, why she always have to take cues from the society? We are in 21^st century; instead of that somewhere women have to face the social, financial and cultural biasness moreover she is struggling continuously to overcome on discrimination. There is a great saying if someone try to discourages you, convert the adversaries into opportunities, and so many women prove that by showing their potential in their respective fields.

Wrestler, Geeta Phogat breaking the stereotype by proves herself in Wrestling, Saina Nehwal make the nation proud with her choice of career in badminton, First IPS Officer Kiran Bedi make history by choosing her career in that line where society think about the male only, Priyanka chopra prove herself and make the film industry proud in Hollywood. List is not ended here, number of women’s who make the history and become the leading Business women named, Indra Nooyi achieved her goal by becoming the CEO of Pepsico, Chanda Kochhar lead the business world by becoming the CEO of ICICI Bank, Kiran Mazumdar by throwing the light on Bicon Products.

These women’s show and prove that women’s lead in every sector of country, but with the help of right career choice and support from society & Family. Because pursuing the profession without the passion remains just a job. In addition to that, passionately choosing your career as a choice becomes a commitment for lifetime.

Everyone must have to understand that we women’s are contributors to the society not the consumers only. Women’s have the power to hold the country, society and families together. We are the greatest pillar of support and strength for community.

AUTHOR:

PARUL S. GHANGAS

(Assistant Professor Geeta ENgineering College Panipat)

VIVEK KUMAR GUPTA 1

Friday 20 March 2020

CIVIL Friday, March 20, 2020

Green house effect: Friend or foe

CO₂, Methane, water vapour, black carbon (due to incomplete combustion of solid fuels), N₂O, CFC_S, Hydrofluro carbon, oxides of sulphur, Halon, Tetra Flouro methane etc are present in atmosphere which are transparent to short waves but absorbs long waves emitted by the earth surface are known as green house gases and their effect is collectively known as green house effect.

Positive aspects

1. Green house gases are responsible for maintenance of habitable temperature.

2. According to one estimate of IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change) in the absence of green house gases, temperature of the earth surface and lower atmosphere will drop to -10 to -20 degree Celsius depending upon the localized concentration of green house gases.

3. Green house gases are responsible for maintenance of low diurnal range of temperature.

4. Increase in the concentration of CO₂which is main green house gas, is responsible for increase in dark rate of dark reaction of photosynthesis. As a result, it increases overall productivity up to 30% to 40%. This is termed as CO₂ fertilization effect as CO₂is behaving almost as fertilizers.

Negative aspects

1. Main cause for global warming. Global warming means gradual increase of temperature of earth’s surface and lower atmosphere due to absorbance of long waves emitted by earth’s surface.

2. Due to global warming the glaciers are melting at a faster rate and increasing the level of oceans. Due to this the coastal areas are endangered to be submerged by 2050.