GEC WRITHLON IS THE OFFICIAL BLOG OF GEETA ENGINEERING COLLEGE. BY THIS BLOG, WE ARE PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE LATEST TECH RELATED NEWS, MODERN ENGINEERING INVENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC GADGETS, AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

GEC WRITHLON IS THE OFFICIAL BLOG OF GEETA ENGINEERING COLLEGE. BY THIS BLOG, WE ARE PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE LATEST TECH RELATED NEWS, MODERN ENGINEERING INVENTIONS, SCIENTIFIC GADGETS, AND SCIENTIFIC THEORIES.

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Saturday, 11 April 2020

Saturday, April 11, 2020

DIGITAL MARKETING

DIGITAL MARKETING


Promoting of items principally through the web, including cell phones and other computerized medium falls under the umbrella of Digital Marketing. This instructional exercise clarifies how you can utilize mainstream web based life stages, for example, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+ to advance your business and make more prominent mindfulness about the items and administrations you offer.
In general terms, Digital Marketing is the publicity of things or brands by any electronic media. Digital Marketing is regularly alluded to as web based promoting, web advertising or web promoting.
Digital Marketing has been around for a long while however it hasn't been all around characterized. We will in general believe that Digital Marketing incorporates standard publicizing, site design improvement (SEO) and pay per click. However, this is too limited a definition, in light of the fact that advanced advertising additionally incorporates email, RSS, voice communicate, fax communicate, blogging, podcasting, video streams, remote content informing, and texting. Truly! Digital Marketing has a wide degree.
WHY DIGITAL MARKETING
In Digital Marketing, a revealing and examination motor can be layered inside a battle which permits the association or brand to screen continuously how a crusade is performing, for example, what is being seen, how frequently, to what extent, just as different activities, for example, reaction rates and buys made.
•        The utilization of Digital Marketing in the computerized period not just takes into account brands to showcase their items and administrations yet in addition offers online client care through 24x7 administrations to cause the client to feel bolstered and esteemed.
•        The utilization of social media in digital marketing permits brands to get both positive and negative input from their clients just as figure out what media stages function admirably for them.
•        Digital Marketing gives expanded favorable position to brands and organizations. It is currently basic for purchasers to post criticism online through internet based life sources, web journals, and sites about their involvement in an item or brand.
As anyone might expect, billions of promoting dollars spent on conventional channels is as of now beginning to move to computerized Marketing efforts and this will keep on expanding as the Web develops.
Search Engine Optimization
Website design enhancement represents Search Engine Optimization. It is the way toward getting traffic from the free, natural, article, or normal list items on the web crawlers. Basically, it's the name given to the movement that endeavors to improve web crawler rankings. In numerous regards, it's essentially quality control for sites.
Website optimization may target various types of search, including picture search, nearby pursuit, video search, and news web crawlers. Utilizing a sound SEO system will assist you with situating your site appropriately to be found at the most basic focuses in the purchasing procedure or when individuals need your site.
Search Engine Crawlers
Popular search engines like yahoo and google, use crawlers to find the pages for their query items. Pages that are connected from other internet searcher ordered pages don't should be submitted on the grounds that they are found naturally.
Search engine optimization and Social Media
For some groups, there are various arrangements of individuals who take a shot at SEO and web-based social networking independently; in any case, this situation is evolving recently.
•        The two may even now authoritatively have a place with discrete groups, however internet based life advertisers should be progressively educated on the SEO strategist's motivation, so the SEO technique can go connected at the hip with content advancement.
•        SEO strategists also need to realize how to function with web based life advertisers so as to get the social signs it needs to ensure their organization positions high in search.
CONTENT MARKETING
Content Marketing is a popular advertising approach mainly focused on making and dispersing important, applicable, and reliable substance to pull in and hold an obviously characterized crowd. It at last expects to drive productive client activity.
Content Marketing is an umbrella term covering a lot of procedures, methods, and strategies to satisfy business and client objectives by utilizing the most applicable substance to serve, draw in, convert, hold, and connect with clients. Content uses web journals, digital broadcasts, video, and web based life destinations as a vehicle. It's a training currently being utilized by 86% of organizations today. Be that as it may, compelling substance advertising isn't so natural to discover.
Objectives of Content Marketing
Given the way that substance assumes a job in for all intents and purposes all advertising systems and strategies, there are no objectives that can't be arrived at utilizing content. Notwithstanding, from a substance advertising point of view, we see that advertisers center around some key objectives, for example, −

•        Brand mindfulness
•        Lead age
•        Engagement
•        Sales
•        Lead supporting
•        Customer maintenance and unwaveringness
•        Customer evangelism
•        Up-selling and strategically pitching

Despite the fact that these are the run of the mill objectives found in content advertising research, thoroughly consider of the crate and take a gander at the objectives of your "crowds".
EMAIL-MARKETING
Mainly each email sent to a potential or current client could be viewed as email advertising. Any email correspondence is considered as email advertising on the off chance that it helps assemble client dedication, trust in an item or organization, or brand acknowledgment. For example, when an organization sends a business message to a gathering of individuals utilizing electronic email for the most part as notices, demands for business or deals, or gift sales.
Email advertising is a productive method to remain associated with your customers while likewise advancing your business. Doing as such, you can undoubtedly and rapidly arrive at target markets without the requirement for enormous amounts of print space, TV or radio time, or high creation costs.
Also, while utilizing email promoting programming, you can keep up an email list that has been divided dependent on a few variables including the timeframe addresses have been on the rundown, clients' preferences, ways of managing money and other significant criteria. Messages are then made and conveyed to explicit objective individuals on the rundown, giving them a customized email specifying data that they are keen on or have mentioned.

Email Marketing can be done by −
•        Email bulletins
•        Digests
•        Dedicated Emails
•        Lead Nurturing
•        Sponsorship Emails
•        Transactional Emails

Email Newsletters
Email bulletins offer the accompanying three favorable circumstances −
•        They can spread your image mindfulness. By building ongoing correspondence with your email endorsers, you empower them to perceive your image and partner it with a positive opinion.
•        They can use the current substance. Numerous organizations do fast rundowns of their most well known blog entries and connection to the articles from their bulletin.
•        They give you the opportunity to incorporate various kinds of substance that may be critical to your association.


Tuesday, 7 April 2020

Tuesday, April 07, 2020

MICROSPHERES

MICROSPHERES

Microspheres are solid spherical free flowing powder. They are solid and hollow. The production of microsphere from natural, synthetic polymeric materials or inorganic materials which are mostly biodegradable in nature. Particles diameters in micrometre range  from 1 to 1000 Î¼m. Microsphere is also known as microparticles, spherical microparticles.


        
POLYMERS USED IN MICROSPHERES
Synthetic polymers
Lactides, glycolides, copolymers, polyalkyl cyanoacrylates, polyanhidrides, PMMA, Acrolein, Epoxy polymers
 Natural polymers
Albumins, Starch agarose, Carrageenan, Chitosan, Gelatin, Collagen, Poly dextran, Poly starch, DEAE cellulose.

Types of Microsphere:
1.Radioactive microspheres:  They are delivered very high radiation doses to the site of action without affecting the surrounding tissues and cells. Three type of emitters: Alpha, beta and gamma.


2.  Bioadhesive microspheres: Bioadhesion is basically capability of material to adhere to tissues for the extended time period. They increase the penetration of active ingredients.


3. Floating microspheres: They are gastro retententive systems, low  density and have sufficient  capability to float over the surface of gastric content . They released the drug slowly at desired rate.


4. Mucoadhesive polymeric microspheres:  It directly contacts with the  mucous layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface it increases the residence time.


ADVANTAGES:

1. Increases in Solubility ,due to Reduced Size.
2. Patient compliance.
3. Less dose, less toxicity
4. Dosing frequency is limited.
5. GIT Protection from effects of drugs.
6. Taste and odor masking properties.
7. Increase bioavailability.
8. Improves powder flow
9. Incompatible material separation.
10. Conversion of liquid to solid is easy.


DISADVANTAGES:

1.    Cost is higher than standard formulations.
2.    Less reproducibility.
3.    Change in conditions like temperature, pressure, ph may affect the system.
4.    Degradation or deterioration of product due to environmental changes.


APPLICATIONS:

1. Delivery of Vaccines.
2. Drug targeting to particular site.
3. Chemo mobilization
4. Controlled drug release.
5. Microencapsulated activated charcoal
6. Encapsulation of microbial cells.
7. Targeting by Using Micro Particulate Carriers
8. Direct couplings.

Methods of preparation
1. Solvent extraction: Dispersion of drug in organic solvent, Now add polymer in organic solvent, removal of organic phase by extraction of water and microspheres are formed.
2.Double emulsion technique: Drug is dissolved in aqueous solution, sonicate the solution for dispersing it in organic phase properly.first emulsion is formed (W/O) now add aq. Solution of PVA,Formation of multiple emulsion Now again add large aqueous phase to it and microspheres are formed in the solution.
3.Solvent evaporation: Core material dispersed in polymer solution and continue stirring core material disperse in liquid Manufacturing vehicle phase, Slightly heat up and solvent is going to evaporate and Microsphere are formed.
4.Phase sapartion /coaservation technique: Drug is dispersed or dissolved in the aqueous or organic solution of polymer.After induction of phase separation polymer rich globules are solidify and microspheres are formed.
5. Spray drying:  First of all dissolve the polymer into organic phase.When the drug is dispersed in solution. Atomized in a stream of air.Now Small droplets are formed and solvent is evaporated.Finally the miocrospheres are prepared.



Conclusion:
Microspheres drug delivery system forms the micro size particles  which are  delivered in the target areas of the body, As their  Reduced size, chances of solubility is increased and finally it positively response to the increase in bioavailability of  the drug.

Video links:  https://youtu.be/67FRYQ7iH90.




Tuesday, April 07, 2020

Meditation: A remedial to improve quality of life

Meditation: A remedial to improve quality of life

With the benefits of meditation the term meditation become popular in world. The popularity of meditation is touching the sky day by day as more people came to know about its benefits. 

It is a process of making your thoughts clear and trains your mind to be focused at particular direction. It may help you to increase yourself awareness to the surrounding. It is the best way to reduce your total day stress and develop your mind concentration level. Factors like pain, tolerance, good and healthy sleep, positive mood, self discipline, outlook etc can be developed in the people through the regular practice of this exercise. There are number of benefits of meditation from which some are discussing below:
1) Reduce stress: The one of the most solid only reason why people try meditation is to reduce stress. In a study including over 4000 adult showed that the stress reduction is the major benefit concerned with the regular practice of meditation. Stress hormone called cortisol gets increased due to mental and physical stress. This may lead to much harmful effect on the body such as release of inflammation- promoting chemicals called cytokines. This effect can contribute to fatigue and cloudy thinking, increase blood pressure, promote depression and anxiety and also can disrupt sleep.
2) Control anxiety: If you are in less stress that means you have less anxiety. A two month study of mindfulness meditation helped participants to reduce their anxiety level. Most participants continued practicing regular meditation for some period and maintained lower anxiety levels over the long time.
3) Promotes emotional health: Some types of meditation may also help to improve self image and more positive outlook of life. Two studies of mindfulness meditation found decreased in the level of depression in over 4,500 adults. A study relates activity between the brains of participant those who perform mindfulness meditation over a period and the brains of others who perform regular schedule without meditation. Those who meditated results measurable changes in activity in real life areas related to positive thinking and optimism.
4) Enhance self awareness: A stronger understanding of yourself and to grow at your best level can be developing by practicing some form of meditation.
5) May reduce age related memory loss: you can keep your mind young by improvement in attention and clarity in thinking.
6) Lengthen Attention Span: Meditation is like a weight lifting for your attention span. As long as u keep continue with this practice your attention will increase. A study showed that people who regularly practiced mindfulness meditation stayed focused on a task for longer. These people also remembered details of their tasks better than their peers who did not practice meditation.
7) Can Generate Kindness: Some kind of meditation can gradually increase positive feelings towards each aspect and actions toward yourself and others. A type of meditation named as, Metta or loving-kindness meditation help in producing kind thoughts and positive feeling towards other.
8) May help Fight Addiction: The Addictive behaviour of human can also controlled as meditation can help in develop the mental discipline and provide break in your unnecessary dependencies.

Tuesday, April 07, 2020

HIGGS BOSON


HIGGS BOSON
INTRODUCTION
Matters at subatomic level consists of small particles with vast empty spaces in between. These small particles are electrons, protons, neutrons, pi-mesons, neutrino and so on.


 


Subatomic particles are those particles which are much smaller than atoms. There are two kinds of Subatomic particles first is Elementary particles, which according to present theories are not made of other particles and Composite particles. Nuclear and Particle physics comprises these particles and do study how they interact. Higgs boson is an elementary particle of the standard model. The term boson was given by Paul Dirac in honour of Satyendra Nath Bose (an Indian physicist who provided the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate and laid the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics). Bosons are energy particles; they are responsible for interatomic forces. Higgs particle is named after the theorist Peter Higgs who along with several other scientists proposed its existence in 1964.
                  
THE STANDARD MODEL
 

Matter and energy can be best understood in terms of kinematics and interaction of elementary particles. The standard model consists of several classes of elementary particles (fermions, gauge bosons and the higgs boson). All particles can be sum up as follows:
    The Standard Model includes twelve elementary particles of spin   12 known as fermions. Fermions are matter particles. Each fermion has its corresponding antiparticle.  There are six quarks (updowncharmstrangetopbottom) and six leptons (electron, electron neutrinomuonmuon neutrinotautau neutrino).
    In standard model, Gauge bosons are defined as force carriers that mediate the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental interactions. The value of the spin is 1, making them bosons.
    The Higgs boson was the last particle of the standard model to be experimentally confirmed. The standard model doesn’t predict its mass directly. On 4thJuly2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiment at CERN announced the discovery of a boson at a mass approximately 125 GeV which is Higgs Boson.

WHAT IS HIGGS BOSON?
Peter Higgs predicted in 1964 that due to higgs mechanism things in the universe – stars, planets even people have mass. During its discovery in mainstream of media it is often referred to as the ‘GOD PARTICLE’.
Peter Higgs proposed energy field that permeated the entire universe, this energy field is now called higgs field. The presence of the field, can be confirmed by experiments, explains why some fundamental particles have mass. The Higgs field consists of countless Higgs Bosons.
Higgs Mechanism: - Mechanism by which certain particles interact with higgs field and have property of mass.

DISCOVERY OF THE HIGGS BOSONS
The LHC is a discovery machine is currently world’s largest hadron collider, where protons are accelerated in 27km circumference synchrotron and collide at very high energy. The LHC was built by CERN, in tunnel located approx. 100m underground. Collisions are analysed with usage of detectors.


CONCLUSION
Evidence of the higgs bosons, higgs field and its properties has been extremely significant for many reasons. The Higgs boson's importance is largely that it is able to be examined using existing knowledge and experimental technology.

Tuesday, April 07, 2020

LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT


LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT


What’s Leadership?? It is the power of a private or a gaggle of people to influence and guide followers or other members of a corporation. While creating and articulating a clear vision or providing followers with the knowledge and establishing achievable goals, Leadership involves making sound -- and sometimes difficult – decisions.



As said by Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to influence others to seek defined objectives passionately. Human factor can only bind a group together and motivates it towards goals.”
The modern leadership movement is predicated upon the principle that leaders aren’t born, they’re made. The arts of leadership and management, like all cultivated skills, are learned and honed by practice over time regardless of where you reside.

We usually consider the two terms Leadership and management as synonymous. We must understand that leadership is an essential part of effective management. Being the crucial component of management, remarkable leadership behavior stresses upon building an environment during which each and each employee develops and excels.


Leadership is about getting people to grasp and believe the vision you set for the corporate and to figure with you on achieving your goals, while management is more about administering and ensuring the day-to-day activities are happening as they ought to.
 A manager must have traits of a innovator, i.e., he must possess leadership qualities. Leaders develop and start strategies that build and sustain competitive advantage.
For an optimal efficiency in any organization Both Leadership and management have to be robust.

MANAGERS vs. LEADERS
We have Managers who Give Directions where as on the other hand Leaders ask questions.
If Managers have subordinates then Leaders have followers.
When Managers use a controlling style, there Leaders has a motivational style.
While Managers tell what to do, Leaders demonstrate what to do.
Managers provides with good ideas which are then implemented by leaders.
Managers respond to change when Leaders generate change
Managers aim to be heroes Leaders formulate heroes of everyone around them
Managers train power over people Leaders build up power with people

“LEADERSHIP IS ABOUT STIMULATING AND MANAGEMENT IS ABOUT SETTING UP”


AUTHOR:

Ms. Isha Kalra

(Assistant Professor, Management Department)